Data Interpretation

Principles of Data interpretation

1. If you diagnose common things you will be commonly correct and will commonly pass. If you diagnose rare things you will be rarely correct and you will rarely pass

2. Think of Site Nature Cause Effect Association

3. Understand Full Pathogenesis: Look for everything

For eg incase of Mitral Stenosis - Site Mitral Valve opening stenosed, Nature Type 3 Immune complex reaction precipitated by Cause Streptococcus Cardiogenic strain infection. Effects: Distal to Mitral valve End Diastolic Filling decreased can cause Ambulatory Hypotension. Proximal to Mitral Valve - L Atrium enlarges- pressure on esophagus- dysphagia, Fibrillates- Irregularly irregular pulse, Contains Thrombus which can embolise, can suddenly block the mitral valve - sudden death. Further Pulmonary vein back pressure- crepts in Lungs, orthopnoea, heart faliure cells in sputum, Hemoptysis. Protective spasm of pulmonary arteries- P2 loud, Right ventricular hypertrophy- Parasternal heave, Right ventricular faliure - Neck veins pedal edema, hepatospenomegaly, acitis.   Association Sub Acute Bacterial Endocarditis SABE- clubbing of nails, peticheal hemorrhage, splenic infarct, microscopic hematuria.

Rule out each by clinical examination or investigation

4. Avoid Expectation Bias: Trying to make Data fit into preconceived diagnosis - Crime of Procustes

5. Keep Differential Diagnosis in decreasing order of probability: List reasons why the DD is not True